编织是由于界面纱线的固有灵活性以及制造的最近进步而提供了更好地控制局部针迹图​​案的基础,是一种有效的技术。大型针织膜的完全纱线型号是不可行的。因此,我们使用双级均匀化方法,并将膜模拟作为宏观上的Kirchhoff-Love壳牌,作为微尺寸的欧拉 - 伯努利棒。壳体和杆的控制方程用立方B样条基函数离散。为了均化,我们仅考虑膜的面内响应。非线性微观问题的解决方案需要大量的时间,由于大的变形和接触约束的执行,呈现常规在线计算均质化方法不可行。要以此问题申请,我们使用预先训练的统计高斯进程回归(GPR)模型来将Macroscale变形映射到Macroscale应力。在离线学习阶段期间,通过求解通过均匀或软骨采样获得的足够丰富的变形状态的微观问题来训练GPR模型。训练有素的GPR模型编码微尺度中存在的非线性和各向异性,并用作宏观壳的膜响应的材料模型。可以根据网格尺寸选择弯曲响应以惩罚膜的细平面皱纹。在验证和验证所提出的方法的不同组成部分之后,我们介绍了一些涉及受张力和剪切的膜的示例,以证明其多功能性和良好的性能。
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its data-centric branch of machine learning (ML) have greatly evolved over the last few decades. However, as AI is used increasingly in real world use cases, the importance of the interpretability of and accessibility to AI systems have become major research areas. The lack of interpretability of ML based systems is a major hindrance to widespread adoption of these powerful algorithms. This is due to many reasons including ethical and regulatory concerns, which have resulted in poorer adoption of ML in some areas. The recent past has seen a surge in research on interpretable ML. Generally, designing a ML system requires good domain understanding combined with expert knowledge. New techniques are emerging to improve ML accessibility through automated model design. This paper provides a review of the work done to improve interpretability and accessibility of machine learning in the context of global problems while also being relevant to developing countries. We review work under multiple levels of interpretability including scientific and mathematical interpretation, statistical interpretation and partial semantic interpretation. This review includes applications in three areas, namely food processing, agriculture and health.
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人们经常利用在线媒体(例如Facebook,reddit)作为表达心理困扰并寻求支持的平台。最先进的NLP技术表现出强大的潜力,可以自动从文本中检测到心理健康问题。研究表明,心理健康问题反映在人类选择中所表明的情绪(例如悲伤)中。因此,我们开发了一种新颖的情绪注释的心理健康语料库(Emoment),由2802个Facebook帖子(14845个句子)组成,该帖子从两个南亚国家(斯里兰卡和印度)提取。三名临床心理学研究生参与了将这些职位注释分为八​​类,包括“精神疾病”(例如抑郁症)和情绪(例如,“悲伤”,“愤怒”)。 Emoment语料库达到了98.3%的“非常好”的跨通道协议(即有两个或更多协议),而Fleiss的Kappa为0.82。我们基于罗伯塔的模型的F1得分为0.76,第一个任务的宏观平均F1得分为0.77(即,从职位预测心理健康状况)和第二任务(即相关帖子与定义的类别的关联程度在我们的分类法中)。
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计算光学成像(COI)系统利用其设置中的光学编码元素(CE)在单个或多个快照中编码高维场景,并使用计算算法对其进行解码。 COI系统的性能很大程度上取决于其主要组件的设计:CE模式和用于执行给定任务的计算方法。常规方法依赖于随机模式或分析设计来设置CE的分布。但是,深神经网络(DNNS)的可用数据和算法功能已在CE数据驱动的设计中开辟了新的地平线,该设计共同考虑了光学编码器和计算解码器。具体而言,通过通过完全可区分的图像形成模型对COI测量进行建模,该模型考虑了基于物理的光及其与CES的相互作用,可以在端到端优化定义CE和计算解码器的参数和计算解码器(e2e)方式。此外,通过在同一框架中仅优化CE,可以从纯光学器件中执行推理任务。这项工作调查了CE数据驱动设计的最新进展,并提供了有关如何参数化不同光学元素以将其包括在E2E框架中的指南。由于E2E框架可以通过更改损耗功能和DNN来处理不同的推理应用程序,因此我们提出低级任务,例如光谱成像重建或高级任务,例如使用基于任务的光学光学体系结构来增强隐私的姿势估计,以维护姿势估算。最后,我们说明了使用全镜DNN以光速执行的分类和3D对象识别应用程序。
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In recent hyperspectral unmixing (HU) literature, the application of deep learning (DL) has become more prominent, especially with the autoencoder (AE) architecture. We propose a split architecture and use a pseudo-ground truth for abundances to guide the `unmixing network' (UN) optimization. Preceding the UN, an `approximation network' (AN) is proposed, which will improve the association between the centre pixel and its neighbourhood. Hence, it will accentuate spatial correlation in the abundances as its output is the input to the UN and the reference for the `mixing network' (MN). In the Guided Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Hyperspectral Unmixing with Spatial Smoothness (GAUSS), we proposed using one-hot encoded abundances as the pseudo-ground truth to guide the UN; computed using the k-means algorithm to exclude the use of prior HU methods. Furthermore, we release the single-layer constraint on MN by introducing the UN generated abundances in contrast to the standard AE for HU. Secondly, we experimented with two modifications on the pre-trained network using the GAUSS method. In GAUSS$_\textit{blind}$, we have concatenated the UN and the MN to back-propagate the reconstruction error gradients to the encoder. Then, in the GAUSS$_\textit{prime}$, abundance results of a signal processing (SP) method with reliable abundance results were used as the pseudo-ground truth with the GAUSS architecture. According to quantitative and graphical results for four experimental datasets, the three architectures either transcended or equated the performance of existing HU algorithms from both DL and SP domains.
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Ever since the first microscope by Zacharias Janssen in the late 16th century, scientists have been inventing new types of microscopes for various tasks. Inventing a novel architecture demands years, if not decades, worth of scientific experience and creativity. In this work, we introduce Differentiable Microscopy ($\partial\mu$), a deep learning-based design paradigm, to aid scientists design new interpretable microscope architectures. Differentiable microscopy first models a common physics-based optical system however with trainable optical elements at key locations on the optical path. Using pre-acquired data, we then train the model end-to-end for a task of interest. The learnt design proposal can then be simplified by interpreting the learnt optical elements. As a first demonstration, based on the optical 4-$f$ system, we present an all-optical quantitative phase microscope (QPM) design that requires no computational post-reconstruction. A follow-up literature survey suggested that the learnt architecture is similar to the generalized phase contrast method developed two decades ago. Our extensive experiments on multiple datasets that include biological samples show that our learnt all-optical QPM designs consistently outperform existing methods. We experimentally verify the functionality of the optical 4-$f$ system based QPM design using a spatial light modulator. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that similar results can be achieved by an uninterpretable learning based method, namely diffractive deep neural networks (D2NN). The proposed differentiable microscopy framework supplements the creative process of designing new optical systems and would perhaps lead to unconventional but better optical designs.
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Covid-19大流行导致了前所未有的全球公共卫生危机。鉴于其固有的性质,建议社会疏散措施作为遏制这种大流行传播的主要策略。因此,识别违反这些协议的情况,对削减疾病的传播并促进可持续生活方式具有影响。本文提出了一种基于电脑视觉的基于计算机视觉的系统,分析了CCTV镜头,为Covid-19传播提供了威胁水平评估。该系统努力捕获跨越多个帧的CCTV镜头的信息内容,以识别各个帧的各种违反社会偏移协议的实例,以及跨空间的识别,以及组行为的识别。该功能主要是通过利用基于时间图的基础结构来实现CCTV镜头的信息和对全能解释图的策略并量化给定场景的威胁级别的策略。在一系列场景中测试并验证各个组件,并针对人类专家意见进行了完整的系统。结果反映了威胁水平对人,其物理接近,相互作用,防护服和群体动力学的依赖。系统性能的准确性为76%,从而在城市进行了可部署的威胁监控系统,以允许社会中的正常和可持续性。
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近期许多数据集的尺寸的快速增长意味着对尺寸减少(DR)的许多方法都受到显着的关注。高性能DR算法需要进行数据分析,可用于大型和快速数据集。然而,许多传统的DR技术受到真正大数据集的挑战。特别是多维缩放(MDS)不符号。 MDS是一个受欢迎的DR技术组,因为它可以在唯一输入是一个不相似函数的数据上执行DR。然而,常见方法在内存和计算中至少具有二次乘法,因此,对大规模数据禁止。我们提出了一个采样的嵌入(OSE)解决方案,以利用仅嵌入给定数据的子集的大规模数据扩展MDS算法。我们提出了两个OSE技术:基于优化方法,基于神经网络模型的第二种。在近似下进行轻微的权衡,可以使用合理的计算和内存要求处理示例超出技术。虽然两种方法表现良好,但神经网络模型在效率方面优于OSE解决方案的优化方法。 OSE具有双重益处,即它允许流媒体数据集以及静态数据库。
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智能物联网环境(iiote)由可以协作执行半自动的IOT应用的异构装置,其示例包括高度自动化的制造单元或自主交互收获机器。能量效率是这种边缘环境中的关键,因为它们通常基于由无线和电池运行设备组成的基础设施,例如电子拖拉机,无人机,自动引导车辆(AGV)S和机器人。总能源消耗从多种技术技术汲取贡献,使得能够实现边缘计算和通信,分布式学习以及分布式分区和智能合同。本文提供了本技术的最先进的概述,并说明了它们的功能和性能,特别关注资源,延迟,隐私和能源消耗之间的权衡。最后,本文提供了一种在节能IIOTE和路线图中集成这些能力技术的愿景,以解决开放的研究挑战
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内在图像分解是生成图像的成分的打开问题。从单个图像产生反射率和阴影是一个具体的任务,特别是当没有地面真相时。缺乏无监督的学习方法,用于使用单个图像将图像分解成反射率和阴影。我们提出了一种神经网络架构,其能够使用从图像导出的基于物理的参数进行这种分解。通过实验结果,我们展示了(a)所提出的方法优于现有的基于深度学习的IID技术和(b)衍生参数显着提高疗效。我们得出结论,对结果(数值和示例图像)的仔细分析,显示了几个途径以改进。
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